South America is a land full of culture, breathtaking scenery, and millennia-old history. From medieval sites to European settlements, South America offers the historian a chance to relive the past. Here are 10 of the must-see historical destinations that exemplify the continent’s diversity.
1. Machu Picchu, Peru
Machu Picchu is not included in any South American historic site list. Built in the Andes Mountains, this 15th-century Incan fortress is a triumph of engineering and architecture. It was constructed by the Inca emperor Pachacuti, and rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911 as a marker of Peru’s storied past. Its beautiful stone structures and stunning mountain backdrop makes it an ultimate must-visit place.
2. Cusco, Peru
Cusco was the old imperial capital of the Incas, a city teeming with both pre-Columbian and colonial history. Stone cobblestone streets, Inca stone walls and Spanish colonial buildings describe an exotic mix of cultures. Both the Sacred Valley and Sacsayhuamán, an exceptional Incan monument, are only a short drive away.
3. Christ the Redeemer and Corcovado, Brazil
Though largely considered a monument of the present day, Christ the Redeemer is also culturally and historically significant. Completed in 1931, this giant statue of Christ overlooks Rio de Janeiro from Mount Corcovado. It symbolises Brazil’s religious heritage and embodies peace and hospitality.
4. Easter Island, Chile
Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the southeast Pacific Ocean is home to the mysterious Moai statues. These human monoliths, carved by the Rapa Nui between 1250 and 1500, remain unknown. The island is a UNESCO World Heritage site and provides visitors with an opportunity to marvel at the craftsmanship of ancient Polynesia.
5. Iguazu Falls, Argentina/Brazil
At the border of Argentina and Brazil, Iguazu Falls is a historical wonder. Although visited for the first time by Europeans in 1541, its religious value goes back at least as far as the indigenous Guarani who revered it. But even now, it is one of the most spectacular sites in South America.
6. Cartagena, Colombia
The old town of Cartagena is an exquisite example of preserved colonial architecture. Established in 1533, the city was an imperial hub for Spain’s trade and a gateway to precious goods. One can visit its castle walls, bustling avenues and landmarks such as the Castillo San Felipe de Barajas, which protected the city from pirates.
7. Nazca Lines, Peru
The Nazca Lines are one of South America’s greatest enigmatic mysteries. These vast terracotta monuments embedded in the desert of Peru depict animals, plants and geometric figures. They were made between 500 BCE and 500 CE, with a purpose still up for discussion, but assumed to be religious or astronomical. You can take a ride across the grid and get a different perspective on this historical miracle.
8. Tiwanaku, Bolivia
Against the backdrop of Lake Titicaca, Tiwanaku was the spiritual and political hub of a pre-Incan civilisation. The area dates to about 400 CE, and boasts large stone structures such as the Gate of the Sun and the Akapana Pyramid. Tiwanaku gives us a window on one of the earliest cultures in South America.
9. Valparaíso, Chile
This vibrant seaside town was a key 19th-century port and today it is renowned for its history and art. Valparaso’s cobblestone streets, patterned murals and colonial-style architecture recall the city’s turbulent history. The city is also the location of La Sebastiana, the residence of the poet Pablo Neruda, where Chile’s culture can be enjoyed.
10. Quito, Ecuador
The Ecuadorian capital of Quito is one of the most well-preserved historical centres in the Americas. The 16th-century city, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is home to colonial churches, monasteries and squares. You’ll find La Compaa de Jess, a baroque masterpiece, and El Panecillo, a swathe of panoramic vistas.
Guide to the History of South America.
Get Early Warning: Check when the tourist season starts to make sure there aren’t too many people out and get tickets for popular sites such as Machu Picchu or the Nazca Lines.
Dress appropriately: Many locations are high elevation, so dress warm and drink water.
Keep Local Cultures in Mind: Many places are still sacred to native communities. Do your homework and treat people respectfully when you’re there.
Final Thoughts
South America’s archaeological monuments aren’t merely structures: they offer glimpses into the lives of the ancients, colonial immigrants and moderns. From the architecture of Machu Picchu to the uncanny beauty of the Nazca Lines, every destination beckons an adventure through time. So take off your suitcases, step out of the comfort zone, and get lost in the continent’s incredible past!
